Istanbul's First Transportation Vehicle

The first transportation vehicle of Istanbul is the horse-drawn tram: The horse-drawn tram was put into service for the first time in Istanbul on September 3, 1869 by Konstantin Karopana on the Azapkapı Ortaköy line, followed by ten different lines. The horse-drawn trams left their places to all electrically operated trams in 1915 in Istanbul.

What is a horse-drawn tram?

A horse-drawn tram is a means of urban transport on horseback or on rails.

Where did the first horse-drawn tram come into service?

The first tram lines, on which horse-drawn carriages operated, were put into service in the USA; It was first launched in 1832 in the Bowery district of New York City at the initiative of a bank manager named John Mason. The use of horse-drawn trams, which heralded motorized trams, became widespread in the United States, following major cities such as Boston, New Orleans and Philadelphia, and then in the small cities and towns of the United States.

Where was the first horse-drawn tram in Europe used?

• In 1853, the first city tram was built by French engineer Alphonse Loubat in New York, where the rails were buried on the road. Embedded rails were built in 1855 by Loubat between Paris and Boulogne in France.
• In 1855, horse-drawn trams started to operate in Paris.
• Embedded rails were named "American Railroad" in Europe as it was first put into service in the USA.

What are the features of the horse-drawn tram?

An ordinary horse-drawn tram would take passengers to the 30; there would be an open section with reciprocal seats, a corridor in the middle, a shelf for the driver in front and a dispatcher in the back. There were also horse-drawn trams which were either covered or two floors. Small and low trams without a rear shelf were called bobtail.

When did the US tramway application end?

By the 1880s, there were about 18 horse-drawn trams in the US alone. Horse-drawn trams developed in the major cities of Europe between 1860-1880. In the 1890s, horse-drawn trams gradually disappeared from the competition of cable and electric railways. (Source: Wikipedia)

Mounted when trams were being used in Turkey?

Mounted trams are regarded as the turning point of public transportation in Istanbul. The first expedition of equestrian trams in Istanbul starts at 03 September 1869 on Tophane-Ortaköy line. In its first business year, 430 is generated using 4,5 Lira revenue for the 53.000 million journeys.

What is the history of equestrian trams in Istanbul?

The tram construction in Istanbul took place as a result of the concession to Kostantin Karapano Efendi, and the first line was put into service on July 31, 1871, between Azapkapı and Beşiktaş, in a ceremony held in Tophane. With the “Contract for the Construction of Tramways and Facilities in Dersaadet” on August 30, 1869, the railway operation for passenger and goods transportation in Istanbul streets was given to the “Istanbul Tram Company” founded by Karapano Efendi for 40 years. The company, whose field of activity expanded in the following years, started to be known as 'Dersaadet Tramway Company' from 1881.

While Azapkapı, one of the first horse-drawn trams, was established between Beşiktaş, this line was later extended to Ortaköy. Afterwards, Eminönü-Aksaray, Aksaray-Yedikule and Aksaray-Topkapı lines were opened and in the first year of operation, 430 horses were earned for 4,5 thousand liras in exchange for 53 million passengers. Later on, the lines of Kabristan Street -Tepebaşı-Taksim-Pangaltı-Şişli, Bayezid-Şehzadebaşı, Fatih-Edirnekapı-Galatasaray-Tunel and Eminönü-Bahçekapı were opened from Voyvoda.

The horse-drawn trams, which started to work within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, were established in the big cities of the empire and opened for operation first in Thessaloniki and then in Damascus, Baghdad, Izmir and Konya. In 1880, stop application was started on trams. He was standing where the passenger wanted, which slowed his speed. In 1883, Galata, Tepebaşı and Cadde-i Kebir (A tram line was laid on Istiklal Avenue. In 1911, Beşiktaş and Şişli tram warehouses were opened. In 1912, upon the start of the Balkan War, all horses belonging to the Istanbul Tram Company ( 1912), Istanbul was left without a tram for a year when it was bought for 430 thousand liras.After two years after the First World War started, transportation in Istanbul stopped for eight months.

1914 was terminated in 45, which is considered as the turning point of public transportation in Istanbul, and the famous trams running in front of the horses running in front of the horses to warn pedestrians by saying da sit down nef (nephir) to warn pedestrians. Thus, the XNUMX year-long horse-drawn tram adventure ended.

In the 1913 11 Silahtarağa Turkey's first electric plant was established in February xnumx't before the tram network, then supplying electricity to the city.

What does Cevahir Shopping Mall have to do with equestrian trams?

Exactly 100 years ago, the former Şişli garage, which was opened in 1912 as an equestrian tram depot and has an important place in the history of Istanbul's public transportation as well as the history of IETT, also hosted trolleybuses along with trams and buses. The garage, which was removed on the grounds that it stayed in the city center during 1980 years, was first used as a horse-drawn tram stall. In the following years, the tram trams, which became the symbol of the city, were stored here. With the addition of workshops in 1948 was transformed into a bus garage. Since 1961, trolleybuses are also being stacked. In the 1952 establishing Turkey's first psycho lab here motorman, he began training for the driver and conductor. In the 1960 years, Şişli garage, where female ticketers served, was used as a set in the film Otobüs Bus Passengers çekil, shot in 1961 and starring Ayhan Işık and Türkan Şoray. In 1987, Cevahir Shopping Center was started to be built in 1989 on the land that was transferred to Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality to be built as a business center and opened in 2005 as the second largest shopping center in the world.

What is the chronology of the horse-drawn tram in Istanbul?

• 03 September 1869 - The first horse-drawn tram, taken by two katana (horses brought from Hungary and Austria), started trial runs in Istanbul.
• 31 July 1871 - The first horse-drawn tram was put into service with a ceremony held in Tophane, on the Azapkapı-Beşiktaş line. The service was later expanded with Azapkapı-Aksaray, Aksaray-Yedikule, Aksaray-Topkapı lines.
• August 14, 1872 - The horse-drawn tram started to operate on the Aksaray-Yedikule line (3.600 meters).
• 1899 - The warriors who worked in the horse-drawn trams and warned the pedestrians with the trumpet (nefir) in his hand and warned the pedestrians (protect himself) were removed for the purpose of saving.
• 1994 - At the new IETT Museum, which was opened at the Karaköy entrance (station building) of Tünel, summer horse-drawn tram, horse-drawn tram stop, signage and various equipment were exhibited.

What is the history of the horse-drawn tram in Izmir?

Trams on the streets of Izmir were visible for the first time at 1 April 1880. Izmir's first tram line was opened between Konak and Punta (Alsancak). Another important line that operates in Izmir during this process was the tramways operating between Göztepe and Konak. As it is known, the development of Göztepe and Karataş, which had a cottage appearance until the middle of 19.yüzyıl, had taken place during the governorship of Mithat Pasha in İzmir. Göztepe Street, which was opened at the beginning of the 1880 years, connects Konak-Karataş and Göztepe. The activity of the street and the fact that Göztepe started to become a new settlement area led to the idea of ​​running a tram on this street after a while. The Harenz Brothers and Pierre Giudici, who did not want to miss this opportunity and wanted to make use of it immediately, applied to the Ottoman State and obtained the right and privilege of operating the line.

In the light of these developments, the Göztepe tramway, which was opened for operation in 1885, was initially built as a single line and in 1906, the double fault was converted. The tram started their voyages in the early hours of the day and was the last time in midnight. The cabins, which were designed as open above the trolley trolleys, were arranged as harem, for women and men.

By the year 1908, the management of the Göztepe tram line was passed on to the Belgians, who were also responsible for the electrification of Izmir. On the same dates, although the project for extending the Göztepe line to Narlıdere was approved, this project could not be realized. However, only the Göztepe - Güzelyalı line, which was built by the İzmir Municipality, could only be completed within 1 km. In time, horse-drawn trams became one of the most important vehicles used by the people of Izmir for urban transportation. In the last years of the Empire and in the first years of the Republic, horse-drawn trams became indispensable elements of urban transportation. With the spread of electricity as an energy unit, the trams became electric and 18 As of October 1928, the first electric trams started to operate between Güzelyalı and Konak. Equestrian trams had completed their lives on the streets of Izmir. As a matter of fact, in line with these developments, 31 October 1928 on horseback trams were removed by making their last trips in the city.